Curriculum for a PhD Mathematics program is challenging and generally includes coursework, seminars, teaching, and research. Research is conducted under the guidance of a supervisor and must be on an original topic resulting in a doctoral dissertation. The PhD Mathematics candidate must defend the dissertation in front of a panel of experts. Generally, PhD Mathematics programs take between 3 and 5 years to complete and although requirements differ depending on the academic institution and specific program, candidates must have the appropriate educational background, training, and experience in mathematics.